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A child has shallow orbits with proptosis (bulging eyes), midface hypoplasia, and a beaked nose. Skull imaging reveals multisuture craniosynostosis. Hearing is normal and hands are normal.

AD; FGFR2 (most common)

  • Variable expression
  • Craniosynostosis (multisuture, especially coronal)
  • Midface hypoplasia, shallow orbits with proptosis
  • Beaked nose
  • Normal hands and feet (distinguishes from Apert, Pfeiffer)
  • Normal intelligence (usually)
  • Hearing loss (conductive)
  • Clinical recognition: multisuture craniosynostosis with midface hypoplasia and proptosis but normal hands and feet
  • Skull radiographs or CT confirm premature suture fusion; 3D CT guides surgical planning
  • Molecular confirmation by FGFR2 sequencing; FGFR3 testing when acanthosis nigricans is present (Crouzon syndrome with acanthosis nigricans)
  • Multidisciplinary craniofacial team coordination
  • Staged cranial vault expansion, then midface advancement (Le Fort III/monobloc) for proptosis and airway
  • Ophthalmology monitoring for corneal exposure from shallow orbits and proptosis
  • ICP monitoring; surveillance for raised intracranial pressure and hydrocephalus
  • Audiology for conductive hearing loss

"Cranium only": Crouzon affects the cranium only. Normal intelligence, no limb involvement, distinguishing it from Apert (syndactyly) and Pfeiffer (broad thumbs/toes).

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